Minimum Wage Should Be Increased - 1472 Words

In today’s society it’s expensive to live in New York and getting by day by day is very difficult if you are living on minimum wage. Of course it’s more difficult for some people than others depending on their situation and their living conditions. Americans and working class people who do come to America for a â€Å" better opportunity† and for the famous American dream struggle. Minimum wage should be increased because of the overqualified, educated, and experienced Americans who are relying on minimum wage jobs as a result of the struggling economy. Raising minimum wage will help employees sustain themselves with a better salary. Minimum wage is one of the difficulties in the United States and around the world. Most of the countries have some type of minimum wage. Let’s take a look at the history of minimum wage. Minimum wage in the United State isn’t as old as you think might be. The first federal minimum wage was first introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s. At first minimum wage was set at 25 cents an hour, which works out to about $4 per hour in today’s money. Minimum wage was introduced during the Great Depression, there was no national minimum wage or anything to protect workers from exploitation. â€Å"Because of the lack of regulation tens of thousands of workers were routinely exploited in sweatshops and factories, forced to work in horrible conditions and for pennies a week† (Minimum-wagehistory). In 1936 the labor union decided to create a mandatoryShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Increased1057 Words   |  5 PagesRebecca Nevins Meredith Sides English 101 16 November 2015 Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Congress enacted the federal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higherRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Increased?1691 Words   |  7 PagesShould Minimum Wage be Increased? Introduction The term, â€Å"minimum wage† refers to a lowest payment that an employer is bound to pay to its workers. Today minimum wage is made compulsory in more than ninety percent of nations including Canada where workers are demanding to increase minimum wages for a long time. Minimum wages are revised by governments in order to met growing needs of workers. There is a difference of opinion on the issue of increasing minimum wages among people of Canada. EmployersRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federal minimum wage. The post may have a picture of a soldier, a disheveled EMT in the back of an ambulance, or a waving American flag with overlying text stating something to the effect of ‘â€Å"Burger flippers† think they should be paid as much as these minimum wages workers? No way!’ If my experience on social media is any indicator, the most popular posts always contain â€Å"burger flipper† or â€Å"baconator.† Posts like the ones described above make moral judgements about the minimum wage with littleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Increased1669 Words   |  7 PagesFederal minimum wage is a huge controversy around the world and especially in the United States today. It is the lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees. The world’s first minimum wage law was passed in the year eighteen ninety-four in New Zealand. New Zealand’s minimum wage experiment caught the attention of other countries. It made them start considering the law for their own countries. The United States passed their federal minimum wage law in nineteen thirty-eight. The federalRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease the minimum wage in California from ten to fifteen dollars by the year 2022. The minimum wage will be increased by one dollar each year until 2022. This will give businesses enough time to meet state requirements to raise wages for em ployees. The bill was created to help people who are making less than minimum wage but it will disable California’s economy system and cause negative effects for people who are living on the current minimum wage system. The rise of the minimum wage will causeRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Increased?1169 Words   |  5 Pageslarge scale over the State of Michigan’s plans to increase the minimum wage from seven dollars and fifty cents to ten dollars. Although increasing the minimum wage may seem beneficial to some, possibly stimulating the economy or increasing the standard of living for those who live below the poverty line, when looking at the economic issue through a larger lens and placing it into its context, one finds that by increasing the minimum wage, not only is the State of Michigan not addressing the most criticalRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfederal minimum wage in 1938, during the Great Depression. Congress had two goals; keeping workers away from poverty and boosting consumer spending for economic recovery. Today, there is a debate, whether we should increase the minimum wage again. Increasing the minimum wage is useful for several reasons. First, the current minimum wage has failed to keep up with inflation. Second, a higher income level reduces employee turnover and increases efficiency and ultimately, raising the minimum wage doesRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased911 Words   |  4 PagesThe question that ponders many people’s minds is whether the federal minimum wage should be increased or not. The current U.S. minimum wage is $7.50 and this wage has not increased since 2009. Families with minimum income wages are suffering due to the fact that they cannot provide everyday needs for their families. This is the reason why many people are rioting. They are frustrated with the government’s nonchalant attitude towards the hard situations i n which they are living in. A final decisionRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1180 Words   |  5 Pagesto come to conclusions that the federal minimum wage is excessively low. The government can stand to help people gain more money, resulting in a less poverty-stricken country. The cost of living or gaining has increased significantly over the past twenty years, and the minimum wage, for most isn t enough for them to support themselves. There have been efforts to increase the federal minimum wage, but none has succeeded in getting approved. Minimum wages are too low for a human, to provide for

Does Sustainability Reporting Improve Corporate...

This article was downloaded by: [120.59.18.202] On: 09 July 2013, At: 23:26 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Accounting and Business Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rabr20 Does sustainability reporting improve corporate behaviour?: Wrong question? Right time? Rob Gray a a University of St Andrews Published online: 28 Feb 2012. To cite this article: Rob Gray (2006) Does sustainability reporting improve corporate behaviour?: Wrong question? Right time?, Accounting and Business Research, 36:sup1,†¦show more content†¦Downloaded by [120.59.18.202] at 23:26 09 July 2013 1. Introduction ‘...information can promote better markets, in the broader sense of markets which deliver outcomes that meet public policy objectives.’ (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), 2004:14) *The author is Professor of Social and Environmental Accounting at the University of St Andrews. He wishes to formally acknowledge: the ICAEW for its financial support of this research; Richard Macve for his early helpful comments on the paper; Adam Erusalimsky for his excellent work on collating the global data and the critiques of that data as well as for his work with Crawford Spence on making the first pass through UK Sustainability Reporting in preparation for this paper: and Crawford Spence. Jan Bebbington, Sue Gray, David Collison and colleagues at St Andrews Management School for their helpful comments and suggestions. The author is also pleased to acknowledge the stimulating comments received at the ICAEW ‘Infr,rmation for Better Markets ’ Conference in December 2005. He wishes to make especial mention of MarkusShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpoint. It is about organisational conduct and the ethical consequences of business behaviour. Companies can define ethical business values by outlining clear examples of right or wrongRead MoreHow Companies Engage in Corporate Social Responsibility2281 Words   |  10 PagesSupervisor: Mr. Kevin Lamb Dated: 3rd October 2011 1. What is the general area that you are interested in? 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Introduction T he notion of Triple Bottom Line (3BL) accounting has become increasinglyRead MoreBusiness Ethics9512 Words   |  39 Pagesuse them 4. Individual response to ethical issues; personal values 5. Individual response to ethical situation 6. Individual response to ethical issues; whistle blowing 7. Business response to Ethical Issues: Corporate social responsibility 8. Business response to Ethical issues: Sustainability 9. Business responses to ethical issues: ethical codes and standards 10. The International Context: Global and Local Values 11. Moral Leadership 12. Conclusion 2 BUSINESS ETHICS: Portfolio Contents Read MoreCorporate Environmental and Social Management7337 Words   |  30 PagesCORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT Unit 46 Assignment Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 I. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means method or device, electronic (whether now or h ereafter known or developed), mechanical, photocopying, recorded or otherwiseRead MoreCharles Handy : organisation5089 Words   |  21 Pagescom/abstract=932676 2 What is a Business For? Charles Handy Could capitalists bring down capitalism, wondered the New York Times in the wake of the series of corporate scandals in both America and Europe in recent years? They concluded that a few rotten apples would not contaminate the whole orchard, that the markets would eventually sort out the good from the bad and that, in due time, the world would go on much as before. Not everyone was so complacent. Markets rely on rules and laws, but those rules Read MorePrimark Corporate Social Responsibility5880 Words   |  24 Pagesthrough sub-contractors, and has said that it is one area where it will take immediate action to terminate relations with suppliers if they are found guilty of substantive breaches and are unwilling to make quick changes. One of the suppliers in question attacked the move, saying that the BBC coverage had painted a distorted picture, and would now damage livelihoods through the cancellation of orders. A Sakthivel, president of Tirupur Exporters Association, told Newindpress.com that a local NGO had

My Version of Our Future America Essay Example For Students

My Version of Our Future America Essay America has been the home for immigrants from other countries ever since the country was born. Different groups preferred different types to blend in with the society and be successful throughout the years. Some choose the melting pot in which they assimilate to the new culture and become Americanized in order to be ahead of the game. Some other choose the mosaic model in which they keep their culture and try to fit into the society without losing their original identity. I personally think that the mosaic model is a better way to live in America. As a young first generation who moved here a few years ago, I like to keep my culture and speak the languages that my family have spoken for centuries. That doesn’t mean I can’t learn or speak English at all, in my opinion it gives people of my type an outstanding privilege to be involved in different kind of cultures and be multilingual. The greatness of Americans is that we are mosaic we are diverse – (Sheila Jackson Lee). I think it is better to choose the mosaic model to live in America because it makes the generation stronger, it keeps other cultures alive, and, it makes the country a better place. The first reason why I think choosing the mosaic model to live in America can be a better option is because it makes the generation stronger. Mosaic model allows us to be involved in other cultures and languages. It keeps us from being limited in one language and one culture. There are so many interesting and valuable things in every culture, and knowing that can be very helpful for everyone. It can help people to be more open minded about other cultures and give them a different point of view towards other people around them. Knowing and learning more than one language can be very important nowadays, it allows people to connect and communicate with other people around the word. Mosaic model can help our generation to be more involved and smarter in their lives. The third and final reason why I think choosing the mosaic model to live in America can be a better option is because it makes the country a better place. Mosaic model is what this country is all about. Different people with different backgrounds gather and use all of their capabilities and experiences to make this country a better place. We become not a melting pot but a beautiful mosaic. Different people, different beliefs, different yearnings, different hopes, different dreams – (Jimmy Carter). Mosaic model does not limit us into certain believes, certain goals, and certain cultures. It allows to be open for different and better ways for almost everything. In conclusion Mosaic model can be the better option in many different ways. Simply because it allows to intercept with other cultures, believes, and languages. Which causes us to be more knowledgeable and aware about our surrounding world. Those can be our key to success both in our personal lives, and future of this country.

Informative Speech Dreams Essay Example

Informative Speech Dreams Essay Dreams to me were always a fascinating thing and had always interested me. I have been interested in how dreams occur, what is the purpose of dreams, and finally h owe they affect our lives. A few of these scenarios may be able to recall : flying, falling, climbing to great or frightening heights, tying to run from a threat through a sludge of quicksand, sharing an embrace with a mysterious stranger, or popping up suddenly in your grade xix classroom and then getting turned ups downer by a twister. How do we get to these places? How do dreams happen? The first thing we need to do is of course sleep but these dreams do not occur right away. First the the heart rate and breathing needs o slow down, and muscles all across the body need to relax. Then at about the minute mark (based on re search) the dreams mainly occur, the dreams happen in the rapider movement (ERM) stage of sleep-?w hen brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. ERM sleep is revealed by continuous move nits of the eyes during sleep. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Dreams specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Dreams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Dreams specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The body stays in the ERM cycle for most of the time, but even when its in the ERM cycle it is active as the human body is awake. Motor Signals from the brain to the body are (insert w rod here) by certain neurotransmitters which, temporarily paralyzes us which is it total purpose a d intent. It is good for us that the neurotransmitters kick in or else God know what we would be doing. Your eyes alone also have a big part in the dreams images-Dream images are thought to originate in the centre Of the cerebral cortex, the brains grey matter and the minds hub for memory, awareness, cons( senses, and thought. While the part of your visual cortex that takes in new images sleeps right along with , the part that interprets images stays wide awake. So, basically, your brain gets down to business, Eng to makes sense of all the bits of memory and imagination. The human brain is a mysterious little ball of gray matter. After all these y , researchers are still baffled by many aspects of how and why it operates like it does. Scientists have b performing sleep and dream studies for decades now, and we still arent 100 percent sure about the if on of sleep , or exactly how and why we dream. There are several theories as to why we dream. One is this names work hand in hand with sleep to help the brain sort through everything it collects during the waking ours. Your brain is met with hundreds of thousands, if not millions of inputs each day. Some are mini sorry details like the color Of a passing car, while others are far more complex, like the big presentation e putting together for your job. During sleep, the brain works to plow through all of this information to dc what to hang on to and what to forget. Some researchers feel like dreams play a role in this process. These rises are just guesses but there is some research to back up the ideas that dreams are tied to how h, Oromo memories. Studies indicate that as were learning new things in our waking hours, dreams increase w we sleep. Participants in a dream study who were taking a language course showed more dream act Han those who were not. Another theory is that dreams typically reflect our emotions. During the d our brains are working hard to make connections to achieve certain functions. When posed with a tough h problem, your brain is incredibly focused on that one thing. And the brain doesnt only serve me functions. If youre building a bench, your brain is focused on making the right connections to allow you ends to work in concert with a saw and some wood to make an exact cut. The same goes for simple task e hitting a nail with a hammer. Have you ever lost focus and smashed your finger because your mind was else where? Some have proposed that at night everything slows down. We arent required to focus on anything during sleep, so our brains make very loose con injections. Its during sleep that the emotions of the day battle it out in our dream cycle. If something is weighing heavily on your mind during the day, chances are you might dream about it either specifically, or through obvious imagery. For instance, if youre worried about losing your job to company downsizing, you may dream youre a shrunken person living in a woo RL of giants, or youre wandering aimlessly through a great desert abyss. Theres also a theory, define tell the least intriguing of the bunch, that dreams dont really serve any function at all, that theyre just a poi nettles byproduct of the brain firing while we slumber. We know that the rear portion of our brain gets pretty y active during ERM sleep, when most dreaming occurs. Some think that its just the brain winding down for the night and that dreams are random and meaningless firings of the brain that we dont have when we re awake. The truth is, as long as the brain remains such a mystery, we probably wont be able to pinpoint w tit absolute certainty exactly why we dream.

Rasin in the sun two influence

Rasin in the sun two influence Two Influences of the Day Through the play " Raisin in the Sun, " Beneatha Younger is exposed to two men who she both has an interest in. This being Joseph Asagai and George Murchison. Both men have some similar characteristics, but also differences which make their actions stand out from each other.To start, both men are kind at heart. They have good intentions, but goabout it differently. Asagai likes to talk about his past and get more involved in most things more than George. As he seems to want to get down to business slightly more. They are about the same age and seem at least by what we see of them in the play to be well educated. Asagai is the more traditional of the two, which probably explains why he seems to be more laid back and open. His care for Beneatha can be shown by his traditional yet symbolic gift of his families Nigerian robes.English: Claudia McNeil in A Raisin in the Sun - t...

Health, Social and Cultural Inequalities essays

Health, Social and Cultural Inequalities essays Capitalism in the global south is not only an inconvenience on traditional life; it is a deadly creation that leaves the wealth in the hands of very few elite corporations. It not only affects the fabric of typical life familiar to the people living within the global south, it also affects the health of many peasants, indigenous people, small farmers, and whole communities due to the types of chemicals, pesticides, and stressful work that capitalism from industrial agriculture imposes on them. It also exacerbates the inequalities prevalent within the social hierarchies of the global south. Many cultural norms and traditions are sacrificed for the sake of efficient methods of performing work to create the high yields desired by corporate elites. This lifestyle is unsuitable to the native individuals who are forced to change their way of life to make a living for themselves as required by the corporations that have placed them in this vulnerable situation. Large corporations like Monsanto, Syngenta and Cargill monopolize the agriculture business in the global south. Certain countries such as India, which has less political power, gets taken advantage of in this hegemonic business and the farmers are burdened with the task of utilizing a large supply of pesticides that they were forced to buy in order to maintain the upkeep and proliferation of their farms. The pesticide business is so lucrative that a typical meal in India will contain 40 times more pesticides than the typical North American meal. Since pesticides are designed to kill life, namely the insects that feed on pesticide laden foods, the pesticides also pose harm to humans who work very closely with them. In fact, in a study conducted on over 2000 couples in India of similar socio-economic statuses, who had husbands that were dispersing pesticides on their farms, tested as having lower reproductive potential. Additionally, the chemicals in the pesticides wreaked so m...

Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computing - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the field of computer science deals with the idea of computability theory which looks at mathematical and logical problems by examining their solvability. In essence, it examines if a problem can be positively handled by a logic machine or not. In even simpler terms, computability theory works at the very limits of computing power so while we can expect computers today to be very powerful and complex machines; there are certain limits to the problems they can solve. In certain situations, computability theory suggests that specialized computers might be required for solving specific kinds of problems.   The theory, of course, would depend on our own definition of a computer and how a computer operates depending on its language and coding principles. Computability theory considers various models of computers but the three most popular ones are: Finite State Machine Pushdown Automaton System Turning Machine The Finite State Machine is the most common computer machine model which is available to us. It has also been suggested that this is the only theoretical computer model which is realistically possible and all present computers are based more or less on this machine. This computer has a set of predefined states and methods by which transitions can take place from one state to the other. In certain situations, the computer can accept data while in others it is used to output information of some kind. A common desktop computer can be used as a good example of this machine type.

School shooting and the media , video game violence Essay

School shooting and the media , video game violence - Essay Example This week we draw a distinction between victimisation and victimhood therea re various avenues for resisting violence: that is, violence is not a necessary outcome of being a particular type of person. For example, we will consider how teh rape scritmight be rethought so that women are not the inevitable victims and men are not the inevitable perpetrators of violence.   -Michel Foucault, "weother victorians and the repressive hypothesis,from the history of sexuality vol 1, reprinted in the Foucault reader,ed. (London:Penguin books, 1991),292-300,301-29.ISBN:9780140124866   Violence is a physical inducement of force that continues to be a controversial topic in the 21st century. Violence has many categories and has detrimental effects within society that continues to be the focal point of discussion. The use of pressure and abusing power itself is violence and is associated with psychology, retaliation, hatred and other human emotion. One cannot ignore the fact that violence is a decompression of an event that dynamically impacted an individual. This paper will discuss many aspects of violence with key insights and new details based on comprehensive research. In order to acknowledge and understand the true essence of violence, one must understand the root cause of violence. Violence is an issue that is directly associated with emotion and mental health of an individual. Behavioral violence is defined by a force of physical aggressive behavior against another person. In fact, scientist agrees that violence is embedded in humans. A prime example of this is retaliation from a particular incident that had a dramatic effect on psyche of a person. In a midst of a heated moment, violence can be exerted due to rage, anger and fury. Interestingly enough, most people at times acknowledge that they were at fault for conducting this type of behavior. As the author states, â€Å"Mr Wlasuk said: The kids who play these games know all about

Scientific Management by Federick Taylor Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management by Federick Taylor Essay Federick W. Taylor, considered the father of scientific management published his work, The Principles of Scientific Management in 1911 has been instrumental in revolutionising management thought. He promoted the process of scientifically studying work to increase worker and organisational efficiency. His principles contributed to a variety of management practices involving specialisation, assembly production, division of work, work incentives and management control. The development of machine-tools reach a point marking thr beginning of today large scale production line in factory more tan hundred years ago. The commencement of mass factory production was fundamentally influenced by Federick Talyor. His scientific management concept shaped for good all the features of industry and Talyor is the inaugurator and father of, as well as chief worker in, the movement to impart excellence to management by viewing it as an art base on scientific principles. universal in scope, his work long since has penetrated to every country and that in these establishment ther saw some degree of influnce by his scientific principles. In our global economy, efficient businesses will be rewarded with profit as Federick Taylor advocated in his concept of Scientific Management. In a global economy, there is simply no places for inefficiency to hide wrote Hamel in The Utimate Business Library and You have to believe that Federick Winslow Taylor would have loved Wal-Mart,Sony or Federal Express modern icon of efficiency More than 100 years has passed yet his principles in scientific management is still relevant in many sectors of business today. One example is the fast food restaurant, likened to little factory, with a manager who overseas and control the workers, sales, inventory and supply, everything to keep the shop running efficiently as Talyors wishes. Much of Taylors ideas were adapted in the operation of the assembly line and many of Ford Motor companys operations in the assembling of motor vehicles in early 1910. This was when Ford Motor mass produced cars. However the application of Taylors concept into management practices was met with resistant opposition from workers and their unions, as workers had to work very much faster in Taylors Scientific Management style. Union leader resented Taylors ways and claimed workers were mistreated in his focus towards efficiency. Yet others will find Taylors ideas applaudable up to today. Schachter(2007) found Taylors style still practice in many governrment agencies where proposal of public sector efficiency was similiar with Taylors approach.

Global Impact of Software Patents Essay -- Copyright World Copyrighted

Global Impact of Software Patents Introduction: As companies and individuals expand beyond the domestic domain and venture into a global market, the issues of patents and copyrights become increasingly complex. The basis for a patent is to protect an implementation of some original idea in order to give the holder of the patent rights over their achievement. A copyright serves a similar purpose in providing the copyright holder with power of their own work. Many countries offer means to protect patented and copyrighted materials from being duplicated illegally. However, intellectual property rights such as computer software create a particularly difficult situation because of how easy software is to distribute and reproduce. Though a patent or copyright may exist and be protected in one country, other countries may not choose to acknowledge or extend its protective power. Therefore, to achieve universal protection, one must secure patents and copyrights in every country that issues them. Unfortunately, even this may not be enough protection. Many countries do not provide any protection from patent or copyright violations. Because of this, there is tremendous effort to have patents and copyrights enforced globally. Though internationally protected patents and copyrights provide the holder with the rights they deserve, they also have considerable consequences. Undeveloped countries are at a severe disadvantage when it comes to both obtaining patents and securing rights to use them. Efforts to have software patents and copyrights enforced internationally have damaging affects on developing countries because of the high prices associated with obtaining them and the power that developed countries have to enf... ...d World (Stanford: SUP, 1992) 50. 3 The Internationalisation of Software and Computer Services (Paris: OECD, 1989) 84. 4 Silverman, Lydecker, and Lee, 53. 5 The Internationalisation of Software and Computer Services (Paris: OECD, 1989) 88. 6 David B. Yoffie, Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence (Boston: HBS, 1997) 307. 7 Yoffie, 305. Bibliography: David B. Yoffie, Competing in the Age of Digital Convergence. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997. Evan I. Schwartz, "Patents Go Global," 2003, Technology Review, 6 May 2003, <http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/schwartz0503.asp?p=0> Milton Silverman, Mia Lydecker, and Philip R. Lee, Bad Medicine: The Prescription Drug Industry in the Third World (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992. The Internationalisation of Software and Computer Services. Paris: OECD, 1989.

“Lord of the Flies” †novel by William Golding (1954) Essay

In this essay I will be comparing the three approaches to the incident of Piggy’s death. This is a very significant moment in the ‘Lord of the Flies’ and symbolises how outcasts are treated in a broken down society. I will be comparing the novel by William Golding, with the film by Peter Brook and the film by Harry Hook. The original book was written directly after World War 2, which had a great influence on how Golding decided to plan and write his book. The original book is the true ‘Lord of the Flies’, and the films are adaptations of the original novel. The film that was made in 1961 by Peter Brook was a very close interpretation of the original novel. The characters are the same, the setting is same, and the whole story loosely follows the same pattern as the book. Brook used thirty boys, aged eight to fourteen with non-acting backgrounds, as they all came from a randomly picked London school. He took them to an island off Puerto Rico for 3 months, in which time he filmed this masterpiece, which was ground breaking at the time and closely followed the book. It was original and daring, and was filmed in black and white with restricted amount of equipment. In contrast, the second film produced by Harry Hook in 1994, which was based on the same idea, but was set in different situations. The audience he was attracting needed much more action and adventure, which the old version doesn’t show and would probably be laughed at by Hook’s audience. The film needed to be original, which it was to his audience, but he cleverly used the book and the other film as a basis on which to build his ideas. The film, ‘Lord of the Flies’ by Harry Hook was filmed in colour, with American actors playing as army cadets with ‘mod cons’ such as army knives and watches. Changes such as including adults in the story and use of strong language add a twist to the original novel, and which isn’t portrayed in the 1961 version. It moves completely away from Golding’s original narrative, and his initial intentions. The opening shot is similar in the three versions of ‘Lord of the Flies’, but also has differences. The differences between the two films become evident at the opening of the scene. As the thundering waves are hurled against the sharp, jagged rocks with the darkness and savagery within them, the scene becomes clear. Brook turns to the boys walking along, you just know that something is going to happen. In the Peter Brook film, the coastline is the main feature, with the boys looking small, walking along. The faces of the boys are not so easy to depict until they get close enough. Ralph, Piggy and SamnEric, are looked down on by the camera, with the commanding rocks and the roaring sea all around. However, the boys don’t seem to be put off by this and look positive and intentional in their visit. In comparison, the Hook film shows the shot to be not so dark and suspicious, but more religious and sacrificial. The background noise of the crashing waves is substituted with choral singing. This time, we only see Ralph and Piggy approaching the rocks. Piggy is wearing full cadet uniform and appears not to be having problems with his sight. The boys are at the same level, and the darkness and savagery seems to be lost from this film. Both films have followed the idea of the book, Hook’s version more loosely than Brook’s film. Neither mentioned how much Ralph was injured or his ragged appearance as in the novel, â€Å"Ralph went first, limping a little, a spear carried over one shoulder.† The films left this out because it may well have not appealed to their audiences, as the hero doesn’t look perfect, especially with the later film. Hook also left out SamnEric in the advancing bunch. Golding, who wrote the original ‘Lord of the Flies’, starts this scene by retelling some of the plot. He reminds the reader how such a beautiful island has been effected by society, and how individuals can ruin things for everyone. â€Å"The sky and the mountain were at an immense distance, shimmering in the heat; and the reef was lifted by mirage, floating in a kind of silver pool half-way up the sky.† This little interlude reflects on the past, and will maybe add more impact to the incidents to come. Golding also mentions fire, which reminds the reader of how Jack stole the glasses off helpless Piggy, to use for their own comfort and as a aid for a cooking fire. The first sign of conflict between Jack and Ralph is when they meet. They start to argue and quarrel, and tension is built up within this period. This is the same with all three texts. Ralph intentions are clear as he approaches, but Jack wants none of it. In the novel, Golding has built up the tension with words he uses, â€Å"Ralph’s temper blazed out†. The sentences are short, and not very descriptive. The main feature of the scene, the fight, is portrayed similarly in all three texts. They attack each other vigorously, and the real conflict and anger between the two groups is apparent. In the film, by Brook, the camera can be used to aid the build up of tension as well as the dialogue. The short camera angles used reflect Goldings’ staccato language. The camera looks up to Jack, and down to Ralph. He appears in a definite commanding position. The camera follows Jacks face, which appears dark against the rock, and is hidden whenever Ralph speaks to hide his thoughts. He wears a mask to hide his face, which is savage and evil. Prior to the fight, the camera sways to Jacks barbarous face, with him holding his spear, with only the point showing. This shows the wildness and spite within Jack. This is shown similarly in the Hook film, but Jack doesn’t wear a mask, so we see more of his face. However, Hook has decided to use stronger language to convey the anger between the two boys. Hook chose similar camera movements and patterns to Brooks’ film, as they seemed to show the positions of the characters well and would appeal to his modern audience. Ralph and his gang are portrayed as the lower, weaker force, and Jacks rabble are shown as being in control. The main feature, the fight, is depicted equally in the three texts. Both sides seem angered, and in Hook’s film, the loss of society is also shown. Ralph, usually the well-balanced, even-tempered individual, is lowered to such means as fighting. On the other hand, that is Jacks usual way of settling things. Roger has a strong influence on Piggy’s death and plays a significant role, in all three interpretations of the ‘Lord of the Flies’. Roger is first introduced into the scene in the novel, when he starts to toss rocks at Ralph. His physical appearance is kept a secret and is only released when he pushes the lever, â€Å"Roger, with a sense of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever.† Roger is introduced earlier on in Brook’s film. What we see of Roger is a godly figure, with his face outlined to the sky. Hook shows us a close up of Rogers’ face from below. He is painted with black paint around the eyes and mouth, which looks like deep hollows in which evil is to be found. He is a symbol of evil and power and as a slight grimace creeps along his face, the audience is shocked by this terrifying image. His intentions become clearer as the scene advances. A longer period of time is spent on him, so does the amount we see of him. When the camera shows us his hand going towards the lever, the anticipation is built up, with the climax of him releasing it with great force, pounding down onto Piggy’s head. Roger is not so well shown in Hooks film. Most of the time he is hidden by the cliff edge and the other savages, but once the stone is released, Rogers’ face is no longer mysterious, but is clear. This makes the audience feel suspicion and fear towards Roger. Piggy is the main character in the scene, and is based on the character first developed in Golding’s novel in both the book and the films. Piggy has similarities and differences in the films, but the main ‘feeling’ of Piggy’s character is conveyed quite well. In Peter Brooks film, Piggy is uneasy about the situation, poised on the steep rocks which seem to fall into hell. He is wearing full uniform, showing his intentions to keep rules. The camera is overhead, and makes us feel pity for Piggy who is helpless. In the build up to the death, the camera focuses on short close-up shots of Piggy’s face to show his hopelessness and anxiety. Piggys’ voice is blurred by the natural sounds of the roaring of the sea crashing against the rocks. Ralph forgets what he came for, and Piggy knows this. This has an effect on the audience to feel empathy for Piggy. Harry Hook has changed Piggy’s character, to fit his wants and his audiences wants. He doesn’t make Piggy as disabled as Brook does in his film. He allows Piggy to be able to see fairly well and able him to stand on the same level platform as Ralph. Piggy isn’t left out or forgotten during the fight, and can be seen in the shots of the fight, standing in the background. In the book, Piggy seems extremely scared and worried of what was about to happen as he clings onto the steep sided rock face. â€Å"‘Am I safe?’ quavered Piggy. ‘I feel awful-‘†. Brooks’ film is better on picking up on the idea that Piggy is supposed to be very disadvantaged. Piggy’s emotions are shown well in all three texts, as a close up in the film, or as strong description in the novel. The murder is the main feature in the scene we are studying. It has a strong impact on the audience in all of the texts and is transmitted differently in each. In the novel, Piggys death is compared to a pig after his death, which is rather ironic, â€Å"Piggy’s arms and legs twitched a bit, like a pig’s after it has been killed.† The language used here is very severe and looks as thought Golding doesn’t really care about what has just happened to Piggy. After this there is a silence all around, until it is disturbed by a little speech between Jack and Ralph, followed by Jack throwing his spear at Ralph, which then leads him to run away, with spears coming at him from all directions. This isn’t shown in either of the films, and in Brooks’ film, nothing is said, and Ralph just flees. Brook has a lengthy build up to his death scene in his film. Hints are dropped all the time, with the camera continually looking at the rough sea and jagged rocks, then at Piggy’s confused face. Brook supports Golding’s language, with only a few minor changes. In the build up to the climax, the camera continually switches between Piggy and Roger, with longer shots to Roger as we get ever closer to the climax. Also, the noise of the jeering boys gets louder, and sounds more and more like air raid sirens, which adds to the effect of anticipation. This is obviously significant because it indicates the society the boys have just left, and shows the links to situations of which Golding has just witnessed before he wrote his novel, and of the tragedy of war. However, this is something that Brooks audience may not clearly remember so wouldn’t be so obvious in his film. The final shot of Roger is of him pushing down on the lever as with Golding’s novel. The face looks emotionless until the rock is released, when a wide, evil smirk smears across his face. The camera stays still to make Roger look as though he is pushing harder, as he moves out of the shot. We see the rock rolling down, and then we see Piggy’s viewpoint of the rock above, coming straight, bang down onto his head. Immediately as the rock hits Piggy, the jeering comes to a halt, and all is left is the roaring sounds of nature. All, including Jack seem shocked, but Roger is not. The camera switches between the characters showing their disbelief of that which Roger had just done. To end the lengthy scene, Brook has a shot of Ralph looking in commiseration down to Piggy. The camera is then just left still as Ralph scurries over the rocks. Harry Hook has changed the death scene in his film to suit his modern audience. Brook has kept close to the language with Piggy’s speech, and has only changed a few parts to suit more to his audience. In the shot where Roger releases the rock, the director shows the shot from Ralph’s point of view. As the rock falls, Ralph shouts â€Å"NO!† in a slow motion speech. Piggy is oblivious to the situation due to his eyesight. He says nothing, and just falls flat onto the rock and lies there in a pool of blood. This loosely follows the original text by Golding. Golding described how Piggy was knocked into the water and got washed away, whereas there was no sight of this in Hook’s film. â€Å"You’re not gonna get away with this† says Ralph after the death. Jack thinks logically and says that Ralph was on his own, which he most definitely was. The speaking is then terminated by the boys throwing stones at Ralph as he speeds away along the beach. All three versions of the ‘Lord of the Flies’ are interpreted differently, but use the same original story line written by William Golding. All are effective, but some are more so than the others. Personally, I think that Peter Brook directed the best film. This is because it was more appealing to the audience at that time, it was more successful and it follows the book much closer than the other film, which was directed by Harry Hook. However, I do like the book for the detail and originality within it. To me the text vividly describes the sights of horror and the dramatic feelings of loss and grief felt by the societies at this particular time of World War 2. At the time the book was written, which was just after the war, total communities had witnessed such devastation as was described in the book. They could relate directly to the savagery and the way the murder was committed in cold blood. I feel the book also cleverly puts the characters into stereotypes of the tim e, showing how certain communities and their structures can be so easily destroyed.

Coach Carter Essay

â€Å"Coach Carter† is a movie from 2005 by Paramount pictures and it is directed by Thomas Carter. It is based on a true story, in which head basketball coach of Richmond High School, California, Ken Carter made the headlines in 1999 for benching 15 players of his undefeated team due to very bad academic performance. This action is known as the lockout, but this action was very criticized by the Richmond High School, the players’ parents, the city, and media commentators. Ken Carter maintained that his athletes must take their studies seriously, so they could get access to college and other opportunities later on in life and the community’s opinion eventually changed when they started to see his reason, and after he was praised for his determined emphasis on prioritising these good values for his players. The movie is about Ken Carter, a successful sporting goods store owner, who accepts the job as a basketball coach for his old high school in the poor area of Richmond, California, where he was an elite athlete. As much dismayed by the poor attitudes of his players as well as their very bad performance on the court, Carter sets about to change both. He immediately imposes a strict regime typified in written contracts that include stipulations for respectful behavior, a dress code and good grades as requisites to being allowed to participate. The initial resistance from the boys is soon dispelled as the team under Carter’s tutelage becomes a undefeated competitor in the games. However, when the overconfident team’s behavior begins to stray and Carter learns that too many players are doing poorly in class, he takes immediate action. To the outrage of the team, the school and the community, Carter cancels all team activities and locks the court until the team shows acceptable academic improvement. In the ensuing debate, Carter fights to keep his methods, determined to show the boys that they need to rely on more than sports for their futures. You should not only see this movie because of the basketball, that is just a bonus you get, but you should see this film if you like to see films about people who make a difference. Ken Carter makes a difference to some poor  players without hope in their lives. The team starts out whit no hope or dream about getting in to college and the team got no unity. All these things plus many more are Ken Carter trying to change. So if you like to see youngsters with a poor life getting a new chance in life, you should differently see this movie. This movie could sound kind of boring, but it actually is not. This movie has a lot of moving moments and inspirational speeches and scenes. Is not only moving moments, there are also action in it, on the basketball court, but also in their life example one of the boys is a drug dealer and his uncle get shot. Timo Cruz: â€Å"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. You are playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won’t feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine as children do. It’s not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.†

Dr. Strangelove essays

Dr. Strangelove essays Dr. Strangelove (How I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb,? (Colombia Pictures 1964) Cast: Peter Gellers, George C. Scott This movie's story takes place in the sixties in the present time in which it was made. The story begins when a United States Army General decides to bomb Russia. The attack is ordered without the authority of The United States of America's Congress and President. Twenty million Russian lives are at stake of being hit with an atomic bomb. Through out the movie it is a race against time to stop the U.S. planes from bombing Russia. In this movie woman are only portrayed as sex objects. The first time I noticed this type of sexual depiction was when a United States pilot was reading a Playboy magazine while on duty in the aircraft. An extremely blatant sexual portrayal of a woman was when General Turgeison's secretary and lover answered the phone in her under ware. This scene was rather long and drawn out. The filmmakers made sure that the audience had plenty of time to stare at her half dressed body. They also had the woman stand in front of a mirror to make sure the audience could see both her front and back side, therefore doubling the sexual presence. At the end of the movie Dr. Strangelove propositions The U.S. President and his cabinet about building a bomb shelter with ten women to each man. He says that they should be attractive women as well. Of course the men use the excuse that to ensure procreation this would be a necessary measure to take, but we all know that the men are really only inte rested in this idea for their own sexual pleasures. Most of the men in this movie are portrayed as tough, rugged, military persons. The smoking of the cigar seems to play an important part in showing male dominance. The insane General Jack D. Ripper is shown almost all the time smoking his cigar, and many of the men in the war room are doing so as well. ...

Little and Small

Little and Small Little and Small Little and Small By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Can you illustrate how little and small are correctly used? As adjectives, little and small are often interchangeable, but sometimes one will not do in place of the other. Either is used to describe people or things of reduced dimensions: Last night I saw upon the stair/A little man who wasnt there [The Little Woman] is a great and very inspiring book. I havent read anything like that in a long time. Its a testimony of a small woman who changed the whole country of China Small is preferred when describing something concrete that is of less than the usual size, quantity, value, or importance: Detective Swann showed us  to a small room  and then disappeared. President Grover Norquist [said] that any short-term deficit hit is a small price to pay for structural changes that will generate big savings down the road. Little often refers to concepts: Getting proper Louisiana hunting licenses takes a  little forethought. The writer attempts analysis, but  demonstrates little  or no original thought or insight. Most of these elements, however, are of  little importance in the grand scheme of things. Large is more frequently used than big to modify abstract nouns such as amount, proportion, quantity, size, sum, and volume: A newly published study from NASA shows that Earths atmosphere contains  an unexpectedly large amount  of Carbon tetrachloride. In certain contexts, little can mean miniature or â€Å"smaller than regular size†: The kindergarten room was furnished with little tables and chairs. The children were playing with little cars on the sidewalk. Both little and small can indicate the state of being a child: When I was little, I used to pretend I was invisible. When I was small, I used to pretend I could fly. But â€Å"This is my small sister† means that the sister is small in size, whereas â€Å"This is my little sister† means that the sister is younger than the speaker. In statements of contrast, little is usually paired with big; small is usually paired with large. The big boys wouldnt  let the  little ones  use the basketball. Oklahoma  companies,  large and small, profit from training.    Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowThe Possessive Apostrophe8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

The Pioneers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Pioneers - Term Paper Example This paper is a critical analysis of contributions of Isaac Newton and Aristotle, some of the most distinguished scientific pioneers in the history of humanity. Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton, a distinguished English philosopher is considered as the most creative and prominent scientific theorist of all times. His most remarkable contribution in mathematical and scientific fields includes the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and pioneering theories in the study of light and color. Moreover, Isaac Newton revolutionalized physical science by the discovery of the three laws of motion and the law of gravitational pull (Westfall, 1971). His contribution in science and mathematics resulted to development of classical mechanics, a very influential scientific discipline. Though Isaac Newton is considered to be one of the most original thinkers, he collaborated the works and ideas of other scientists in the 17 century and before such as Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and Copernicus among others . Isaac Newton asserted this fact by acknowledging in one of his most famous quote that if he had seen further, it was by standing on the shoulders of giants (Alexandre, 1965). He distinguished himself as a brilliant physicist, astronomer, mathematician, alchemist and as a natural philosopher. According to Westfall (1971), Isaac Newton was born in January 4, 1643 to Hannah Ayscough and Isaac Newton. His actual place of birth was at Woolsthorpe, a rural town in Lincolnshire County. During his birth, the Gregorian calendar was not used in England then and hence his birth date was recorded using the Julian calendar as 25 December 1642. The Gregorian calendar, which is the modern style, was adopted in 1752 in England and it was ten days ahead of the Julian style (Westfall, 1971). Isaac Newton was born prematurely and his father had died three months prior to his birth. Later, his mother Hannah remarried when the boy was just three years old, an incident that most Newtonian biographers c onsider as traumatic to his childhood and adulthood. Soon after his mother remarried, Isaac Newton was left under the care of his maternal grandmother Margery Asycough (Westfall, 1971). Isaac Newton was separated from his mother until 1653, when she returned to her motherland after the death of her second husband. He enrolled at King’s school after refusing her mothers attempt of dropping him out of school to train him become a farmer. Isaac Newton’s early academic life was lackluster, but he later, he discovered his abilities after joining Cambridge University from Woolsthorpe in 1661 (Hall, 1980). Cambridge University is a renowned institution of higher learning but at the time of Isaac Newton admission, the centre had not yet grasped emerging scientific changes in its curriculum (Hall, 1980). In this regard, Ackrill (1981) noted that the curriculum was based on ancient works of Aristotle and other classical authors. In this respect, most biographers affirm that Isaa c Newton’s undergraduate studies involved a lot of Aristotle, resulting to his undistinguishable academic performance. However during this time, Isaac Newton concentrated and mustered the works of

Organ Donor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Donor - Essay Example It might be true that the living donors experience financial problems because of their altruistic behavior (Alvaro & Siegel, 2009). For instance, an organ donor can incur costs such as traveling and accommodation. However, being an organ donor is very elemental in life (Stevens, 2008). Donation of an organ saves life. It is evident that organ donation has contributed immensely to the health sector. Organ donation has significantly lowered the number of deaths that were associated with failure of main organs such as the heart and liver. In connection with this, some people claim that organ donors lose their income in addition to failing to provide care to their children because of the complications that result from donating an organ (Garg, 2006). Such assertions might be right, but it is also evident that organ donation improves the lives of over 50 people depending on the type of organs donated (Alvaro & Siegel, 2009). For instance, it is evident that the lives of most people with or gan failures are improved through transplantation of organs such as kidneys, eyes, and bones. Thus, it is through donor’s donation of such organs that recipients manage to resume their lifestyles. Some people also associate organ donation with occurrence of traumatic disorders. According to them, loss of the donated organ together with the life of the recipient makes a donor develop traumatic disorders. Such assertions might be true because of lack of understanding on what would have been done in order to save that lost life. It is also true that a donor risks his or her life when making a choice of donating an organ. However, it is evident that families of the deceased who became a donor feel relieved from the pain of losing a loved one through associating the deceased with the saving of other lives. Thus, it is evident that the donation of the organs by an individual helps

Oedipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Oedipus the King - Essay Example Parts of Oedipus are dramatic, rather than narrative. When Oedipus suspects that he has killed Laius, he doesn’t tell Jocasta of his suspicions, but drags it out of her bit by bit in an unnecessary dramatic fashion. He asks: Where did it happen? What did he look like? Who was he with? Can the survivor be sent for? Then he cries, â€Å"O God, what have you planned to do to me? (42). Oedipus also has several moments that arouse pity, and fear. The most notable of which is King Laius’ order to have baby Oedipus killed. Readers (as well as characters in the story) would feel sorry for the baby, but fear a king ruthless enough to kill his own son. The one element that doesn’t fit with Aristotle’s claim is poetic language. At least in the edition I have, the language is everyday, layperson language. There is nothing poetic about it, and little that requires in depth translation. The moment in which Oedipus realizes he has killed his father is a cathartic one. He is torn between the repulsion of having had sex with his mother, the knowledge that he has murdered his biological mother, and wanting to save face as a king, or allow his kingdom to show weakness. I doubt if anyone feels relieved by the events that took place. In the end, it was still depressing, unlike Aristotle’s view of Greek tragedy. It is true that Oedipus was neither totally good, nor totally evil. He was, obviously, a murderer, but he was actually attempting to flee because he thought it would save his father, not knowing he was the son of Laius. It is also true that Sophocles needed to put Oedipus into the position of king, so that when the true events were made known, there would be more of an impact, that if we found out some shepherd had accidentally killed King Laius. Oedipus’ unfortunate circumstances allow us to feel pity for him. It wasn’t his fault that he was ordered killed, and it wasn’t his fault that he didn’t recognize his own father There are a few points that

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay Example for Free

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay The patient presents with dementia, poor posture (her chin close to her chest) and dislikes solids, there for has to be assisted to feed and chooses only to consume liquids. Her communication skills are also poor and doesn’t have the capacity to engage in a flowing conversation but has the ability to answer a question using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or by saying individual words. I was given the task of feeding the patient at lunch time as she requires one to one support at meal times due to her lack of willingness to consume solids and fluids. It is extremely important to maintain good fluid intake to reduce the chance of dehydration which could contribute to increased confusion in a dementia patient. To prevent this, patient H has a daily fluid chart which is filled in every time fluids are consumed as a way of effectively monitoring her intake of fluids. I informed patient H it was meal time and directed her to her chair by her bedside, supporting her to sit and positioned a bedside table over her chair. H expresses distress and agitation when sitting in the dining room at meal times with the other patients therefor patients H’s preferences are respected by supporting her to feed at her bed area. I put a plastic green apron on her to protect her clothes and maintain her dignity, washed my hands and put a green apron over my own clothing for hygiene purposes in accordance with my wards food hygiene policy. As the patient only consumes fluids I got a Fortisip drink from the fridge, poured it into a handled plastic cup and added a straw. Fortisip drinks have a high nutritional and energy value and are used as meal replacement in cases such as this patient. I communicated with the patient verbally in an encouraging manner and held the cup and directed the straw to her mouth. I did this at several intervals, making sure I left a sufficient time in between sips to enable her to swallow the contents of the liquid, encouraging conversation throughout. After drinking three quarters of the cup the patient refused to open her mouth to take the straw and shouted ‘no’ and got up out of her chair which at this point I praised the patient and relocated the cup on the table. I chatted in general conversation with her to give her sufficient time to digest her intake then offered her further fluids to which she stated ‘no more’. Satisfied she had had enough, I removed her apron and directed her to the lounge area and then discussed the task with my mentor. Feelings/thoughts Before I started this task I felt slightly anxious as it was the first time I had supported this patient on a one to one basis. I was unsure of how she would react to me as I was an unfamiliar face to her in relation to her feeding and I had previously witnessed her being very verbally aggressive, trying to leave her chair and showing signs of frustration during meal times with other trained, experienced staff on the ward. Throughout the task I felt my confidence increased as the patient was fairly compliant with what I was trying to achieve, this made me become more relaxed and less anxious which I feel eased the mood of the whole experience. After completing the task I felt satisfied that I had achieved what was required whilst undertaking a person-centred personalised approach to meet the needs of the patient. Evaluation I felt that I achieved the desired outcome which was to ensure the patient consumed an adequate volume of fluids during meal time whilst promoting a person – centred approach to their care as I ensured the patient enjoyed and consumed her meal through liquid form with a suitable aid which is her preference to enable easier consumption. In order to meet patient’s needs I required a straw, cup, appropriate meal supplement and syringe which are all aids I used during the task. If I hadn’t prepared her meal in liquid form then the patient would have been unable to consume her meal which would result in dehydration, hunger and lack of sufficient nutrients absorbed into her body to enable her to function normally. I felt I could have been more organised with the task as I felt I interrupted the flow of the task by leaving the table on a couple of occasions to retrieve required items. I should have had the meal supplement already poured in the cup with straw to hand at the table along with the oral syringe before directing the patient to get seated in her chair. If I had done this I feel I would have been much more focused on the patient which would have been a more positive experience for the patient. Analysis In order to reduce my anxiety of the task I feel it would have been beneficial to have spent more time interacting with the patient on a general basis before supporting her with feeding. This would have provided a more natural transition into the task effectively creating a more relaxed experience for the patient. This would enabled me to have an even better person centred approach as I would have known what works well and what doesn’t work so well in regards to feeding the patient concerned. Conclusion I feel that the patient received a good standard of person centred care in regards to her mealtime. It is important that the patient feels included and valued within the ward and I feel this is met by ensuring she has one to one support during mealtimes in an area where she feels most comfortable. However, it is also important to note that there may be occasions where the patient would rather not be situated at her bed area and her behaviour of standing up and removing herself from the chair may indicate this. I understood this behaviour was the patient’s way of expressing that she didn’t want any more intake, where in reflection it could have been an indication that she was unhappy with the current surroundings or the temperature for example. My mentor was satisfied that I had taken a person-centred personalised approach to the task as I had met and taken into account the patient emotional, metal and physical needs by tailoring her meal time experience using appropriate aids and the environment to create a positive experience which took her preferences into consideration. Action plan In future I will aim to forward plan more and ensure I have all required resources to hand to enable me to dedicate my time and use my time with the patient more effectively. This will ensure that I make the best use of my time which will allow me to support my team effectively and also ensure that the patient feels completely valued and display to them that I am competent and focused on the task I am supporting them with. It would also be beneficial for me to interact with the patient if possible before undertaking a task which would relax the patient and help them feel at ease. I have had previous experience of this skill as I have worked in the social care sector for many years but have found having this opportunity to reflect on my practice through the use of the Gibb’s model of reflection valuable and given me awareness of how I can develop this skill further to benefit the patient.

African American Family Structure Essay -- Culture Cultural Educationa

African American Family Structure Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance In today's world, there is such a big emphasis on education and its importance. And there should be an emphasis. Unfortunately, not everyone has the same attitude about receiving a good education. This article attempts to discuss the attitudes of African American's towards education when a stable family structure is absent. Given, not all homes are the Cleaver family, but if a person really wants an education, they should try to concentrate on just that-their education. Parents have a huge responsibility in that if they have children in a single-parent home, the parents attitude must be encouraging for the child. If the parents have a bad attitude or let their ... African American Family Structure Essay -- Culture Cultural Educationa African American Family Structure Effects of African American Family Structure on School Attitudes and Performance In today's world, there is such a big emphasis on education and its importance. And there should be an emphasis. Unfortunately, not everyone has the same attitude about receiving a good education. This article attempts to discuss the attitudes of African American's towards education when a stable family structure is absent. Given, not all homes are the Cleaver family, but if a person really wants an education, they should try to concentrate on just that-their education. Parents have a huge responsibility in that if they have children in a single-parent home, the parents attitude must be encouraging for the child. If the parents have a bad attitude or let their ...

Punjabi language Essay

Methodology I. Statement of the problem The Internet has become the most extensively used information source the empowers the average person to get in roaming with the latest information. Today’s users can no longer depend on conventional information sources to cope with the latest developments in their respective fields. The Internet has emerged as a powerful education tool with the increasing impact of information and communication technologies on higher education, the ever-increasing number of people accessing Internet coupled with recent explosion of information resources on the Internet; may have considerable implications for teaching, learning and research. Teachers and students are depending more and more on the Internet for their various educational purposes. The present study deals with the Internet in the library of Bhai Kahan Singh, Nabha library (Punjabi University Patiala) & A. C Joshi Library (Panjab University Chandigarh). It is entitled â€Å"Internet and its role in Punjabi University Patiala and Panjab University Chandigarh Libraries: a comparative study. † II. Research Methods After selection and statement of the problem major task for the researcher is to decide about the method, procedure and techniques to be used for collection, analysis and interpretation of data. It is essential that proper methodology is adopted and appropriate techniques are applied so as to achieve the objectives laid down for the investigation present study adopted the survey method. Survey suggests gathering of information relating to the current problem. III. Methodology will be used in the study Students, teachers, Research scholar and library staff in the Panjab University and in the Punjabi University represented the target population for this study. The questionnaire method will be implemented to collect the data for the present study and to select the sample population random sampling method will be used. The sample will be random in the sense that the sample for the present study consisted of as teachers, 25 students, 25 research scholars and 25 library staff selected randomly from Punjabi University and Panjab University, 25 teachers, 25 students, 25 research scholars and 25 library staff selected randomly from Punjabi University and Panjab University under study. Accordingly 15 questionnaires will be distributed among the students, teachers, research scholars and library staff of the Punjabi university and Punjab University. IV. Objective of the study. The present study is an attempt to find out the pattern of using the Internet by the students and teachers of Panjab and Punjabi University. The study will be conducted with the following objectives: * To study the use of the Internet by the teachers, students and research scholars in Panjab and Punjabi university. * To study the various Internet sources and services used by the respondents on the Internet for various activities of teaching, learning and research. * To identify the different purposes for which teacher’s students and research scholars use the Internet. * To examine the impact of Internet on the various activities like teaching, learning and research. * To find out the problems faced by the respondents while using the Internet. V. Scope of the study The scope of the present study is limited to two universities only. The study includes the use of Internet in Punjabi and Panjab university libraries. This study not only includes only one section of library, but it includes the use of Internet in all the sections of the library i. e. , reader’s services and house keeping services. VI. Significance of the study The existence of Internet is a major factor that has changed the way information is produced, published, stored transmitted and used. The Internet is an enabling factor for libraries to establish networks and share their resources. The ever-increasing number of people accessing Internet coupled with recent explosion of information resources on the Internet may have considerable implications for teaching, learning and research. Teachers and students are depending more and more on the Internet for their various educational purposes. The present survey is, therefore, an attempt to assess the effectiveness of Internet as an educational tool, and what role it actually plays in the educational system with special reference to the Punjabi University Patiala and Panjab University Chandigarh. VII. Hypothesis The following null Hypotheses will be framed. 1. The two libraries will be following almost same practices (procedures) which regard to the services yet there growth differ due to certain extraneous factors. 2. There will be a significant difference between the number of users of these two libraries. 3. Rich collection of library supported by adequate staff and liberal rules attract more users. 4. There will be no significant difference in the use of internet conditions of the staff in the two libraries. 5. The use of internet in terms of common parameters are not uniform in different types of university libraries. 6. The university library expenditure in relation to share of university expenditure does not satisfy minimum norms suggested by various committees and commissions. 7. Distribution of fund is not done on equity basis to university libraries. VIII. Sources of Data collection Present study will be an effort to find use of Internet in Panjab University library and Punjabi University library. Universities chosen for selection of the subject will be comparable in terms of use of internet in Punjabi University library and Punjab University Library. This will be done in order to have a homogeneous sample with regard to parameters chosen for the study. IX. Data collection instrument Questionnaire method of research has been adopted in this survey. Keeping in view the objectives of the study, the investigator has used. Primary data will be collected from various categories of staff members and users by informed semi-structured interviews. Various visits to the different sections of the two libraries will be made so as to collect sufficient data through personal observations official documents. Files and statistics records will be scanned to know the number of books issued daily, total number of registered members total number of books purchased, library budget and other related information. X. Components Questionnaire counted 15 questions. According to their content, 15 questions can be divided into various types: personal information, satisfactions etc. XI. Scoring Questionnaire will be administered to the 50 student, 50 teachers, 50 research scholars, 50 library staff of Punjabi University library and Panjab University library. After the initial approval of the university librarian had been obtained survey will be distributed personally to all the professional staff members by the investigator and completed questionnaires will be collected. Afterwards a sincere effort will be made to secure the cooperation of the subjects and to establish a report with the subjects in order to elicit reliable information from them. The subjects will be apprised of the purpose of the investigation as being scientific and academic. They will be told in person that questionnaires will be anonymous and contained a reassurance that no attempt to identify respondents would be made and that they will be free not to answer a question if did not want to data processing will be done through computer. The entries will be coded by university and by designation. XII. Statistical methods Will be used for analysis in order to arrive at objective findings and dependable conclusions the score measures will be subjected to the following statistical treatment. Raw data will be processed to obtain frequency distributions of all variables included in the study. For further processing of the information contained in frequency distribution to a single number per frequency distribution, percentage etc used. XIII. Interpretation and presentation of Data Simple statistical methods like average, % etc ever will be used to interpret the data. Data will be presented in the form of tables, graphs, charts, pie charts, column charts, 100% column charts etc.

Islamic State

Islamic Economics Institution Of Bait-ul-Maal By Muhammad Adeel Mian Sajjad Naqwi Sec-H Presented to: Miss Tahseen Lahore School of Economics BAIT-UL-MAAL Introduction The bait-ul-maal is a unique institute which was established for the economic prosperity of the people. As we all know in the Islamic system of life sovereignty belongs to Allah and man is His vicegerent on earth. Similarly the same concept applies to Bait-ul-maal, where Allah is sole master of this treasury while the caliphs are only the trustee of Bait-ul-Maal. In this sense the concept of Bait-ul-maal is different from the concept of public exchequer in un-Islamic systems.In an Islamic state Bait-ul-maal is Safeguarded and expenditures from it is made in the sense that it is a trust. Definition So how can we define bait-ul-maal? It is the place which is designed for keeping the spoils of war, charity, land tax and Jizyah (the tax which a free non-Muslim pays in Muslim countries in return for his protection), and thi s money should be in the hands of the caliph or a Muslim ruler who spends it in what Allaah has ordained. Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.It served as a royal treasury for the caliphs, managing personal finances and government expenditures. Further, it administered distributions of zakah revenues for public works. History Bayt al-mal was the department that dealt with the revenues and all other economic matters of the state. In the time of Muhammad (SAW) there was no permanent Bait-ul-Mal or public treasury. Whatever revenues or other amounts were received were distributed immediately. There were no salaries to be paid, and there was no state expenditure.Similarly Prophet Muhammad, (pbuh), established the common brotherhood of Muslims soon after the Hijrah to Medina from Mecca. Each resident of Medina became a helper (ansar) to each individual who migrated with Pro phet Muhammad (pbuh). The rich Muslims took charge of the poor ones and soon the economic disparity was removed with the interdependency. Hence the need for the treasury at public level was not felt. Abdullah ibn Abbas (R. A) states: â€Å"For me to fulfil the necessities of a Muslim family for a month or for a week or whatever period of time Allah pleases is more beloved to me than performing hajj after hajj.Buying a utensil for even a daaniq (one-sixth of a dirham) and giving it to my brother as a gift for the pleasure of Allah is more beloved to me than spending a dinar in the path of Allah. † – Abu Nu’aym in Hilya 1:328 But It wont be right to say that the concept of Bait-ul-maal didn’t exist at the time of last prophecy. The Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, used to have trustworthy people who kept these assets and they divided them with his order on those who deserved them. The mosque was the place in which the assets and belongings were exposed and the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, would divide them by himself.However, the camels and other cattle remained in the folds until it was time for their division. Even in the time of Abu Bakr there was not treasury. Abu Bakr earmarked a house where all money was kept on receipt. As all money was distributed immediately the treasury generally remained locked up. It was reported that at the time of the death of Abu Bakr there was only one dirham in the public treasury. After the death of 1st caliph things changes. Establishment of Bait-ul-maal In the time of Umar (R. A) things changed. With the extension in conquests money came in larger quantities, Umar also allowed salaries to men fighting in the army.Abu Huraira who was the Governor of Bahrain sent a revenue of five hundred thousand dirhams. Umar summoned a meeting of his Consultative Assembly and sought the opinion of the Companions about the disposal of the money. Uthman ibn Affan advised that the amount should be kept for future needs. Walid bin Hisham suggested that like the Byzantines separate departments of Treasury and Accounts should be set up. After consulting the Companions Umar (R. A) decided to establish the Central Treasury at Madinah. Abdullah bin Arqam was appointed as the Treasury Officer. He was assisted by Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Muiqib.A separate Accounts Department was also set up and it was required to maintain record of all that was spent. Later provincial treasuries were set up in the provinces. After meeting the local expenditure the provincial treasuries were required to remit the surplus amount to the central treasury at Madinah. According to Yaqubi the salaries and stipends charged to the central treasury amounted to over 30 million dirhams. Whereas a separate building was constructed for the royal treasury by the name bait-u-maal, which in large cities was guarded by as many as 400 guards.Finally in Hazart Umer’s regime the concept of Bait-ul-maal was implemented and strengthened. Zakat This is the most important source of revenue of the Bait-ul-maal. It is different from the other revenues because its collection, in regards of with its collected amounts and in regards with its spending. Islam restricted the sources from where Zakat is collected, it is collected from the wealth of Muslims only and not from the non-Muslims. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the pillars of Islam. Besides this, paying Zakat achieves a spiritual value, like the prayer, fasting and the hajj.Holy Quran and Prophet (pbuh) has laid a great emphasis on the duty of paying sadqats. Once the Messenger of Allah (SAW) sent Mu'az to Yemen and said to him: â€Å"Inform them that Allah obliged Sadaqah upon their wealth that is taken from their rich and given to their poor. † The Holy Prophet (S. A. W) fixed the rate on possession of wealth above a certain level and enforce its collection. There are different rates of Zakat on various pro perties such as zakat on 7. 5tolas of Gold, 52. 5tolas of silver etc. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the pillars of Islam so of great importance to Muslim society.Jizyah Jizyah is derived from ‘Jaza’ which means ‘recompense’ or ‘compensation’. It is a per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state's non-Muslim citizens. From the point of view of the Muslim rulers, jizya was a material proof of the non-Muslims' acceptance of subjection to the state and its lawsIn return, non-Muslim citizens were permitted to practice their faith, to enjoy a measure of communal autonomy, to be entitled to the Muslim state's protection from outside aggression, and to be exempted from military service and the zakat taxes obligatory upon Muslim citizens.Allah said â€Å"Fight, with those from among the people of the book who do not believe in Allah nor in the Last Day; who do not make unlawful that which Allah and His Messenger has made un lawful and adopt the right way as their way. (Fight with them) until they pay Jazia with their own hands and are humbled. † [9:30] Kharaj Land of the conquered terrorities left by the reigning Caliph in the possession of the subjugated unbelievers and land of thoses countries which accepted the sovereignty of Islamic state by a treaty of peace are called kharaji.The revenue, tax, rent, rate, lease, produce, income, wages etc collected from these land owners is called kaharaj. This policy of collection was first adopted my Hazart Umer r. a but  sanction for the levy of Kharaj is also found from the practice of the Prophet of Islam who gave the conquered lands of Khaiber to the Jews (who were previous owners of these lands) on the agreement that they would pay half of the produce to the Islamic State. Now I will call upon Sajjad Naqwi to guide you through rest of the sources of revenue of house of treasury. SadqatLinguistically, sadaqah is derived from the root sadq or sidq, w hich means â€Å"to speak the truth, to be sincere. † It can also mean, â€Å"candor and efficiency. † Quran and Hadith laid emphasis on sadqat. It finds its origin in God's command to: â€Å"Take sadaqah (charity) from their property in order to purify and sanctify them. † (Qur'an at-Taubah:103) There are two main types 1- Sadqat-i-Wajiba(obligatory Sadqat) 2-Sadqat-i-Nafla( supplementary sadqat) Sadqat-i-Wajiba is the offering of Zakat while Sadqat-i-Nafla is distribution of charity according to your will. FaieIf overawed by the might of the Muslim army, the infidel forces runway without a fight leaving behind goods and property or after victory in battle the Muslim leaves the land of the unbelievers in their possession and ownership subject to a fixed tax, or a Kharaj or Jizyah all this gain sum up to FAIE. In this sense even kharaj and Jizyah become a kind of Faie. The Holy Quran declared the faie revenues as the right of bait-ul-maal. Faie is distributed am ongst the soilders of Islam but instead is kept for the poor and needy. Orders regarding the Faie have beed issued in Sura Al-Hashr: Whatever Allah restorted to His Messenger from the people of the habitants, belongs to Allah and the Messenger and the kinsfolk and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarers, so that it does not remain circulating among your rich people only. Take whatever you Messenger gives you, and refrain from whatever he forbids you. Fear Allah , for Allah is stern in inflicting punishment. †[59:7-10] Zaraib Taxes, apart from zakat and sadqat, which the Islamic state is constraint to rely on the rich to meet the emergencies are called Zaraib.Such emergencies include war, drought, carrying out of urgent public welfare works and alleviation of unemployment. Discussing the question of assisting the destitute, Imam Ibn-e-Hazm writes: â€Å"If the bait-ul-mal funds, and revenues of faie fall short of meeting the economic needs of the suppliants the Caliph can impose additional taxes on the rich. If they resist, the Caliph can use force to make them pay. † Kra-al-ard State lands leased out on fixed rent are called ‘Annual Rent’ kra-al-ard/lagan.No ushr or kharaj is levied on these lands. Lands which after war are denoted to a trust for the Muslims or ownerless tracts managed by Bait-ul-maal are called ‘Ard al-Mamlukata’ or Ard al-Hauza Ashur Import duty was collected only once a year from merchants who brought trade goods into the territory of the Islamic state. This custom or import duty is called Ashur. This duty was imposed fot the first tiome in the regime of Caliph Umer (R. A). Muslim traders who carried goods for sale to Rome or Iran paid custom on each consignment.As a reciprocal measure the Islamic govt also imposed a duty on incoming goods, but the duty was exacted only once a yr. Muslim, Dhimmi, or Non-Muslims, no one was exempt from this duty. However each of them had to pay different rates of As hur. Muslims being 2. 5%, Dhimmis 5% and Non-Arabs 10%. The minimum value of merchandise on which the duty was payable was 200 dirhams. Muslims who paid Zakat were exempted if they showed an affidavit. Waqf To transfer one’s property to the ownership of Allah, that is, to dedicate it to the cause of Allah is called Waqf(trust).The income from this property is deposited in the Bait-ul-maal. Amwal-i-fazla Other source of revenue includes: * The property of a deceased Muslim or Dhimmi with no heir becomes the the property of Bait-ul-maal * Secondly the property of an apostate is confiscated by the state and passed on to the ownership of Bait-ul-maal CONCLUSION Baitul Maal program is designed to  strengthen human resources, information technology, mentoring and facilitation of financing, and system management software technology-based and community empowerment in the areas of sustainable economic development.The master of the institution of bait-ul-maal is ALLAH and it is made to serve people and to maintain equality and brotherhood in the society. Tax system was designed in such a way that citizens did not consider it as burden and fail to fulfill it. Taxes which were imposed and collected were just for the prosperity of state and its citizens and to make the Islamic state a welfare state. Hence following the rules and regulations of Bait-ul-maal can help put an end to poverty THANK YOU!!!

Library Scavenger Hunt Example

Library Scavenger Hunt Example Library Scavenger Hunt – Coursework Example Library Scavenger Hunt Reliable Research versus Opinion Reliable research refers to a process of research that involves facts and figures for developing an understanding towards a particular issue. This refers to well interpreted development of factors that are associated with the needs of managing the diverse attributes that supports decision making. On the other hand, opinion refers to providing response towards a specific attribute even without developing any particular research on the underlined factors (Soule, Whiteley & McIntosh, 2007). Evaluate If Research Has a Solid Foundation and Is TrustworthyThe evaluation of different attributes and aspects must be researched for developing overall needs of the research and enhance the reliability of the problems. In this regard it is evident that the overall needs could be identifiable for enhancing the diverse attributes and meet the trustworthiness of research in terms of available evidences (Soule et al., 2007). Practices Needed To A djusted While Writing in Word It is evident that every scholarly article writer has a motive to develop a diverse genre that is identifiable among the masses. This helps the scholarly article writers to develop the prominence within complicated domain and enhance effectiveness. While writing in printed word one must make sure that the words they use are unique and do not replicate the work that has been conducted by others. This must be noted that the work they plan to provide the readers is more creative and developed. The chances of typographical error should be less and must be focused on developing the prominence of the views (Soule et al., 2007).Scholarly Journals The three scholarly journal that has been selected in the specific filed of my study i.e. Education Technology are as follows:Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2005). Design research: A socially responsible approach to instructional technology research in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Edu cation, 16(2), 97-116.The paper is one of the scholarly journals that has been reviewed by some of the scholarly practitioners and was sponsored by Springer which is one of the most renowned publishers who are responsible for publishing peer reviewed journals.Herschbach, D. R. (1995). Technology as knowledge: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 31-42.The journal is a peer reviewed journal that is published by one of the renowned publishers who are into publishing scholarly journals. The rich source of the paper provides a detailed insight towards the different approaches that are associated with Virginia Tech that is related with the leading universities of the globe.Luppicini, R. (2005). A systems definition of educational technology in society. Educational Technology & Society, 8 (3), 103-109.The Educational Technology & Society is an official site that has a wide array of peer reviewed journals and sponsors the people who are into the writing and publishing of the peer reviewed journals. It can be further noted that the paper reflects creative approaches and provides a detailed understanding of the issue that is prominent within the social domain. ReferencesHerschbach, D. R. (1995). Technology as knowledge: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 31-42.Luppicini, R. (2005). A systems definition of educational technology in society. Educational Technology & Society, 8 (3), 103-109.Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2005). Design research: A socially responsible approach to instructional technology research in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 16(2), 97-116.Soule, D. P. J., Whiteley, L., & McIntosh, S. (2007). Writing for scholarly journals. eSharp, 1-51.

History of Telephone Hacking essays

History of Telephone Hacking essays I. Introduction - The 60s and 70s III. The Technical Aspects That Allowed Phreaking To Work VI. Whats Left For The Phreaking Community VII. Bibliography.I. Introduction - The 60s and 70s Its hard for one not to be familiar with the state of our nation in the 60s and70s. The period was arguably the high point of independent thought for the century. Average, everyday people began to question and disagree with aspects of society that had formerly been respected and revered. The new line of thinking greatly influenced the way society would advanced through that period. The period in question was marked by a particularly hostile attitude towards those who were in positions of authority. The public was unhappy with the events surrounding the Vietnam War. For the first time, there was a large number of people who felt the need to speak up for what they believed in, even if it was against the government. The nation began to see the laying of foundations towards equal civil rights and disarmament, and the rebirth of independent thought. Change tends to be popular for the younger generations. Older people are more set in their ways. Some would say that the generation gap is the chasm between differing points of view. The older generations of the 60s and 70s grew up with the idea that the government acted only in the best interests of the people, and that one should support the government in all ways possible. However, the inquisitive nature of the younger generation naturally caused them to tack the more defiant path. So, it is not hard to imagine that the new line of thinking that developed during this period bloomed from mediums related to the younger generations. For instance, pop culture contributed to this new way of thinking. If any one area contributed most to the new way of thinking, it would surely be the areas of higher education. C...