Five Point Environmental Strategy Of Marriott International Tourism Essay

Five Point Environmental Strategy Of Marriott transnational tourism Essay substructureSince 1987, when the concept of sustainability was mentioned on a coordinated international platform, the relocation towards sustainability had expanded across the globe. The g everyplacenmental and non-governmental organizations, corporations and consumers those focusing on the need to exist in harmony with their surroundings and environmental footprints atomic number 18 increasingly. The hospitality sedulousness overly non exception, therefore the concept of sustainability has begun to gain momentum in this effort. (Ernst and Young, two hundred8)http//www.hotelnewsre p atomic number 18ntage.com/pdf8/e_y120408.pdfAlison Sperry (2010) defined that Going Green meansGoing Green is making the daily decisions with accountable that benefits to the environment and besides usher out dress mishandle and pollution. This concept in addition encourages a lifestyle of recycling, using chemical-f ree products, using alternative postal code sources such as wind and solar and reducing the dependency on fossil fuels for postal code.Hotel tradees developed and operated by the use of goods and services of significant amounts of cancel resources which atomic number 18 affected the sustainability of the natural environment. The theater of operations of corporate social tariff (CSR) therefore, has grown considerably over the last decade due to an increasing number of companies formally recognising the impacts they live with on the environment, on society and on the economy (Jones et.al, 2006).Going viriditys concept is a concept of people learns how to make the environmentally friendly choices. Going light- kB also is a concept that supporters make some changes to encourage healthier and environmentally friendly living.http//www.ehow.com/about_6681447_concept- loss-green.htmlErnst and Young (2008) defined that green not a black and semblance issue. The stumbleers tha t resuscitateed about the environment were increasingly and they always make their own determination as to what constitutes greenness in the lodging industry.http//www.ehow.com/about_6681447_concept- spillage-green.htmlAccording to Deloitte Survey (2008) showed that, consumers, employees and somebody travellers start to concerned more about the hospitality industrys sustainability. Most of the individuals also start to changes their lifestyles and accepting higher green standards for themselves and also to the companies that they cooperate with.http//www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-UnitedStates/Local%20Assets/Documents/us_cb_sustainability_190608(1).pdfMarriott universe(prenominal) has more than twenty-year commitment to start the environmental preservation. The Marriott worldwide is working toward a greener, healthier planet and their in operation(p) units are employ methods to defend the surroundings of natural and resources (Marriott, 1996 2010).Every year, the Marriott Inter national and its owners had spent around 10 billion just for buy the products and services for its 3,300 hotels around the world. Marriott International also expanding its green hotels and buildings portfolios. Besides that, some 275 of Marriotts hotels postulate received the ENERGY STAR label from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Marriott, 1996 2010).http//www.marriott.com/marriott.mi?page=green_buildingsLast but not least, Marriott International also was be 42nd out of 100 in The Greenest Big Companies on Newsweeks first-ever list. Moreover, Marriott International also gets the 2009 Tourism for Tomorrow Award for Sustainability in the categories of the Global Tourism phone line by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (Marriott, 1996 2010).The Problem StatementThe problem of this topic is about how Marriott International. Inc. practices their going green programs in their properties. Marriott International familiarity is a leading worldwide hospitality compan y (Marriott, 2010). Currently, Marriott has more than 3100 of lodging properties is in the United States and 65 is in another(prenominal) countries and territories across 17 lodging and vacation resort ownership brands (Marriott, 2009). Marriott has more than twenty-year commitment to environmental preservation (Marriott, 2010). In 2007, Marriott formed a Global Green Council, a cross-functional team of senior executives that collaborated with preservation International, a global environmental organization, to adjudicate its practices, set long-term goals, develop an environmental strategic plan and catalyze its progress (Marriott, 2010).Five-point Environmental Strategy of Marriott International was developed in collaboration with Conservation International which are intromits (Marriott, 2009)Reduce Consumption of Water, Waste and EnergyGreener Buildings, expansion of LEED-certified hotelsGreening Supply Chain defend the Rainforest with Carbon OffsetsEmployee Guest EngagementOv er the last decade, for, the Marriott International corporate organized the Going Green programs which involved in energy saving by changed 450,000 of the light bulbs with fluorespenny lighting, installed around 400,000 low-flow of showerheads and toilets and also introduced the linens reuse programs in their hotels worldwide (Marriott, 2009). Besides that, the Marriotts Retro- bursting chargeing (MRCx) program, planning process and a comprehensive evaluation that processs their properties give-up the ghost as energy efficient as possible, was conducted at more than 30 of its largest properties (Marriott, 2009). Through projects completed over the last few years and those currently beneath way, Marriott anticipate saving 12 million kilowatts of power (Marriott, 2009). In general, properties find that after it implement all the recommendations that evolved from an MRCx assessment, it energy costs decrease 5 to 25 per cent and they are achieving, on average, a payback on their inv estment in just 1.4 years (Marriott, 2009).In the Americas, Marriott achieved a 2.2 per cent reduction per open room (Marriott, 2009). In late 2009, through a partnership with a U.S.-based landscaping company, Marriott adopted a climate-specific approach to landscaping, using native plants and restricted colour palettes to reduce irrigation demands and cut the amount of fertilizer required to keep plants healthy (Marriott, 2009). In 2009, Marriotts landfill waste in the USA totalled 726,993 tons which reflects a 17 per cent reduction from 2007(Marriott, 2009). Additionally, its recycling rate also was increase to 69 per cent and all the header quarters waste also was diverted from the landfill to the waste-to-energy plant (Marriott, 2009). Also, Marriott expanding its vivacious of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle programs that already in place of 90 per cent of hotels which included guest room and meeting rooms (Marriott, 2009).Forty Marriott International hotels are expected to receive the LEED certification from the USGBC (USGBC, 2010). In addition, Marriott internationals global Headquarters in Bethesda was received the LEED-Existing Building Gold status (USGBC, 2010). Moreover, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency also had awarded Marriott International for three following years with its Sustained Excellence Award and more than 275 of its hotels also placed the ENERGY STAR label (Marriott, 2010).Marriott International has color its supply chain by introduce the greener solutions at no extra cost (Marriott, 2009). For instance, Marriott has purchased 24 million of Greener key cards which consists 50 per cent of recycled material, which had accomplish around 66 tons of plastics from dumped into the landfill (Marriott, 2009). Moreover, Marriotts pull up stakes begin replacing the 100,000 synthetic pillows with those Eco-pillows that filled with material made from recycled bottles. In addition, one million of Earth-friendly towels that Marriott purchases in uniting America are no need to be pre-washed, which had save six million gallons of pissing (Marriott, 2009). Marriott hotels in Central Europe were used a airstream detergent that already cuts approximately 100,000 kg amount of phosphates released into waste water (Marriott, 2009).Marriott has teamed up with many Corporation or organizations to help them support their efforts to preserve and protect the environment (Marriott, 2009). For instance, Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS), Conservation International, ENERGY STAR, International Tourism Partnership (ITP), and U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). The Marriotts protecting the rainforest strategy is help to protect 1.4 million of acres in endangered rainforest for the Juma Sustainable Development Reserve which partnership with the state of Amazonas in Brazil (Marriott, 2009).Research QuestionsThe followings are some key questions addressed by his exploreIs the Marriott International had practiced the going green?How the Marriott International practiced the going green in this industry?Why the Marriott international will practiced the going green?What level of going green programs of Marriott International?What differences between Marriott Internationals going green program with other companies?Does the going green program increase the income of Marriott International?Research ObjectivesTo answer the above search questions, this check seek to accomplish the following objectivesTo investigate going green practiced among all Marriott Internationals properties.To determine how the Marriott International practiced the going green.To determine the reasons of Marriott International practiced the going green.To examine the level of going green practiced among all Marriott Internationals properties.To compare the level of going green with other companies.To determine the advantages and disadvantages of going green in Marriott International.To determine the effect of going green programs to Marriott Inter national.Hypothesis StatementTheoretical/ Conceptual FrameworkConceptual FrameworkMarriott International. Inc.Going Greens ProgramsThe strategies and programs of going green in Marriott International. Inc.The programs or strategies of going green in hospitality industry.The Actions that practices by Marriott International corporate.Theoretical FrameworkThis research mostly searches on the Marriott International Corporate practising the level of going green in most of their properties. The reason why Marriott International become famous in going green program because their organized a forget me drug of events or activities to greening their companies. In the internet or newspaper, we can see that Marriott International corporate organized a lot of activities in greening and get a lot of award internationally in greening program. Besides that, their also is one of the famous go green corporate in the world. Moreover, the going green is not easy to practices in the companies because i t need a lot of resources to make it really work.Scope and LimitationThis study was carried out among all Marriott International in going green program. The Marriott International, Inc.s operations are grouped into the five business segments which are North American Full-Service Lodging, North American Limited-Service Lodging, International Lodging, Luxury Lodging and Timeshare. substance of the studyThe significance of this research is to evaluate the level of going green activities that practices or organized by Marriott International Corporate.According to The New York Times (2009), the Marriott International announced that they would no longer deliver newspapers to every guestroom in the morning. They only will deliver to which guest rooms had requested a newspaper or can pick one up in the lobby. Although that change is arguably as much about saving money more than saving trees. Marriott had assessed that it would reduce the newspaper distribution at its hotels to about 18 mill ion only annually.http//zoominlocal.com/santa-rosa-press-democrat/2009/10/25/?article=621947Furthermore, this research is for acknowledge people around the world to know how important and advantages of going green in hospitality industries now a days. Now, most of the knowledge people are targeting the greening companies to cooperate with than ruler companies.This is why more and more companies going to practising greening in their company because followed by the trend of all around the world.Chapter TwoLiterature Review2.1 IntroductionThe literature review will begin with an essential understanding of the key points needed in order to accomplish the aim of the project. The research will be analysed in the literature to help construct an academic structure on the definition and concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The literature will also evaluate the purpose of sustainable development in the hospitality industry and its advantages and limitations. One area which has b een particularly analysed is the going green programmes that practice by the hospitality industry as it contains most of the key areas. Furthermore, the literature reviews also analysing the views, theories arguments and perspectives of previous authors for assessment. The literature reviews also will finally perform as a source with which to analyse the differing perspectives on these key points identify gaps for argument and highlight key issues associated with going green programme in hospitality.2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility Definitions and ConceptsThe sector of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown considerably over the last decade due to an increasing number of companies formally recognising the impacts they take up on the environment, on society and on the economy (Jones et.al, 2006). CSR issues are now being integrated into all aspects of business operations and explicit commitment to CSR is made in the visions, missions and measure out statements of an in creasing number of companies all over the world (Ofori and Hinson, 2007).Definitions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have, however, remained an area of deliberation from the concepts very beginnings. A commixture of definitions have been framed. The Commission of the European Communities (2001, p.6 ) defines CSR asa concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in the business operations and in their interactions with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.CSR therefore, is not just fulfilling legal responsibilities but may also go beyond compliance to embrace wider social, environmental and economic goals (Commission of the European Communities, 2001).The concept of CSR is one which has emerged over the last 50 years to occupy a significant role in certain aspects of organisational theory and has only been in wide use since the sixties (Meehan et al., 2006). CSR was eventually recognised as businesses that are part of society and have the potenti al to make a positive contribution to social goals (Jones et al., 2006). CSR therefore seems to be synonymous with charitable and voluntary acts by business organisations designed to make better social skills. Conversely, Donaldson and Preston (1995) believe that businesses are not trustworthy to society but responsible to their stakeholders and view CSR from this perspective.One of the more cited definitions of CSR is proposed by the World Bank (2003), which defines CSR as the responsibility of businesses to contribute to sustainable economic development-working with internal stakeholders, the local community, and society to improve the quality of life which is positive for business and development. The similarity among these different definitions of CSR is that companies should engage in CSR behaviour as part of their organisational strategy.Bevan et al. (2004) list nine potential benefits of CSR which include reduced operating costs improved profitability and financial performa nce enhanced capability to innovate better risk and crisis vigilance long-term sustainability for companies and the hands improved staff commitment and involvement good relations with government and society enhanced reputation and brand value and enhanced customer relationships and change magnitude awareness of customer needs.2.3 The Sustainability Development of the Hotel IndustryInternational Tourism Partnership (2010) defines the term green in business as originally related to environmental issues it has evolved to embrace all aspects of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Sloan et al. (2009) define a sustainable hospitality operation as one which manages its resources in such a way that economic, social and environmental benefits are maximised in order to meet the need of the present generation go protecting and enhancing opportunities for future generations.Green Hotels stand (2010, p.2) provides a more resource-oriented definition of the Green HotelG reen Hotels are environmentally-friendly properties whose managers are eager to institute programmes that save water, save energy and reduce solid waste, while saving money to help protect the earth.According to Green Hotels Association (2010), Green Hotels have gained a foothold in lodging operators contribution to societys concern for the environment which focuses on programmes which are designed to save water, save energy and reduce solid waste. Programme components such as towel rack hangers and sheet-changing cards have achieved positive responses by hotel management staff as well as guests for over ten years (Green Hotels Association, 2010).The UK hotel sector would appear to accept that it does have an impact on the environment (Brown, 1996). This is not only confirmed by exploratory research but also through the formation of the International Tourism Partnership (ITP). The ITP has published an environmental magazine, the Green Hotelier, whose readership cares about environme ntally and socially responsible hotel behaviour as focused on positive sustainable travel and tourism development (International Tourism Partnership, 2010). According to research by the Carbon Trust (Green hotelier, 2010), rising energy prices and taxes are the biggest worries facing the British hospitality industry in 2010. This view is supported by Alexander and Kennedy (2002) who find that the most costly and wasteful use of resources in hotels are usually in the consumption of non-renewable energy, excessive water use, and the generation of wasteBrown (1996) argues that however the general manger of a hotel would appear to be restricted in introducing environmental improvements in the hotel unless a cost saving or other tangible benefit is identified. This view is supported by Butler (2008) who finds that the hospitality industry has been waiting for increased consumer demand and lower costs before it fully embraced green operation. In part, the slow adoption of green building s tandards has followed the approach that most hotel guests did not return that being green was that important, particularly if recycling or other green activities increased room rates or was inconvenient (Butler, 2008). Without consumers demanding green hotels, the perception of great cost for green hotel development was an obstacle to the industrys adoption.2.3 Case study of Accor and HiltonBased on their total room number and location of their hotels, the tho hotel groups selected for case study were Accor Hotel Group (Europe) and Hyatt Corporation (USA), being in 2009 the top 10 hotel groups in UK (Caterersearch, 2010). Marriott International Corporate also is one of the top 10 hotel groups in UK. associationNumber of hotelsNumber of roomsNumber of hotels worldwide1Whitbread Hotel Company577+40,000+5802InterContinental Hotels Group24834,9554,2003Travelodge(DubaiInternationalCapital)37223,150380+4Accor Hotels13819,9964,0005Hilton Hotels Corporation7816,5663,2006BestWestern28515,3 054,0357Wyndham Worldwide12212,2747,0008Marriott Hotels5812,0153,2009CarlsonHotels Worldwide509,7181,03010TheRezidor Hotel Group427.759380 postpone 1 Top 10 Hotel Groups in the UK, 2009 by number of bedrooms.(Caterersearch, 2010)2.3.1 Accor Group HotelsAccor currently manages 4,100 hotels under 13 different brands worldwide (Accor, 2010). Accors philosophy is based on hospitality and respect for diverse cultures, incorporating environmental best practices in all its operations (Accor, 2010). The goals of their Earth Guest programme, launched in 2006, are to reduce water and energy consumption, promote balanced nutrition and to double, in three years, the number of hotels that offer fair-trade products (Accor, 2010). The programme is divided into two parts which are a social responsibility development area (EGO) and an environmental responsibility development area (ECO) (Accor, 2010). EGO is includes programmes for local development, the protection of children, combating of epidemics and the promotion of healthy eating and ECO is includes the reduction of water and energy consumption, and the improvement of waste sorting and recycling, as well as the preservation of biodiversity (Accor, 2008 and 2009).The Hoteliers Environmental Charter is Accors internal benchmarking tool and provides the local hotel managers with guidelines for environmentally sustainable business practices. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (2010), the Hoteliers Environmental Charter has been adopted by 88% of Accors 4,000 properties. The Charter gives hotel managers and employees clear instructions on how resources can be saved in the areas of energy, water and waste (Accor, 2008).The first and second point of Hoteliers Environmental Charter considers is energy and water (Accor, 2010). Compact fluorescent light bulbs are used in 82% hotels for areas that remain light 24 hours a day (Accor, 2010). Accor also continued to promote the use of renewable energy sources, induction solar-powered hot water systems in 32 hotels in 2009, with a total of 99 hotels now equipped worldwide (Accor, 2009). Accor is actively involved in water conservation measures and water consumption per occupied room was reduced by 4% between 2006 and 2009 (Accor, 2009). Moreover, flow-regulators have now been installed in showers and faucets in 89% of hotels (Accor, 2009).Accor actively promotes waste sorting and recycling as well as eco-designed products for instance, 51% of hotels recover paper, cardboard and glass (Accor, 2008). Accor has improved its performance in waste management by manage with a dedicated waste management module that monitor the amount of waste produced per room, the recovery rate and the cost of waste governing body (Accor, 2009). Waste Traceability mainly concerns the separation of waste, where the company already achieves a high score in France owing to its proactive information policy (Accor, 2008). According to Accor (2010), their hotel prefers eco-lab elled suppliers. In 2002, Accor dispatched an environmental purchasing charter to its purchasing organisations as well as to over 2,000 preferred suppliers (Sloan et al., 2009).2.3.2 Hilton HotelsCurrently, Hilton Hotels Corporation has more than 3,200 hotels and 525,000 rooms in 77 countries. In 2009, Hilton is new global headquarters in McLean, Virginia which meets the highest environmental standard for his design, operation and construction. (Environmental Leader, 2009)http//www.environmentalleader.com/2009/08/11/hilton-kimpton-hotel-chains-go-for-the-green/Besides that, the sustainability target that aims in coming 2014 by Hilton Hotels was announced. Those include20 per cent Reducing energy consumption from direct operations20 per cent Reducing CO2 emissions20 per cent Reducing output of waste10 per cent Reducing water consumption.Hilton has already begun to green its hotel operations. Through the introduction of carbon-free electricity at its facilities in the U.K. and Ireland , Hilton says it reduced CO2 emissions in fighting(a) Hilton hotels by more than 64,000 tons, or 56 percent of its carbon footprint. The company says it has also reduced its energy and water consumption 10 percent over the last two years.Hilton Hotels reported in May that it has delivered energy savings of more than 10 percent last year across more than 80 hotels in Europe.A 2007 survey conducted by the Association of Corporate Travel Executives and KDS revealed that only one-third of corporate travel policies promote sustainable tourism. While many travelers said they would prefer a green hotel, other factors such as price win out when theyre booking.2.3.3 SummaryMost major chains are looking for ways to integrate green into their hotels, and water and energy conservation are popular routes. Marriott International has set the goal of lowering GHG emissions 2.2 million pounds by 2010, says Ed Fuller, president and managing director of the company. Wolfgang Neuman of Hilton Hotels s ees near-term moves toward eco-friendly air-conditioning, solar heating, and heat recovery systems to extract waste water from one system and use it in another. And by 2010, 200 of Accors hotels in France will have solar panels.Chapter 3Methodology3.1 IntroductionIn this dissertation, in order to halt broad knowledge about environmental operating practise in the hotel industry, a wide range of standby sources will be reviewed. In addition, research strategy adopted was to conduct triune case studies in three top hotel companies in Europe and the USA. The main data collection techniques used in this research study was documentation compendium and content analysis. This chapter is divided into three sections. In the first, the interpretive stance in the field of information system is examined. The next section is about the construction of the unessential research design which deals with the research design and covers the reasons for selecting resources. Finally, section three des cribes the research approach followed in case study research.3.2 Research DesignCurrently, secondary literatures have increase rapidly, particularly as new resources which are developed or ready through the internet (Saunders et al., 2009). In this research project, secondary research will allow the research to incorporate suitable and reliable data of green operation initiative in hospitality, so that all the gathered data can respond to the research questions relating to the green behaviour of hotel in Europe and the USA. Secondary research differs from pristine research in the collection of the information is not the responsibility of the analyst. Stewart and Kamins (1993) point out that the analyst enters the picture after the data collection effort is over in secondary research. On the other hand, in primary research, the analyst is responsible for the design of the research, the collection of the data, and the analysis and summary of the information (Stewart and Kamins, 1993) . Secondary data although, has lack of direct control of the date, type, and procedure for collecting and preserve of the data (Sauder et al, 2009), however, secondary data is more financial and time saving. For instance, secondary data particularly not necessary to wait for or pay to merchandising researchers for a research project to collect primary data. By using secondary data, author can has more time and effort in analysing and interpretation the data, as it has already been collected. Secondary research moreover may increase the quality of the research by targeting the real dilemma and mistakes. Consultation on secondary resources increases the efficiency of the research by targeting real gaps and oversights in knowledge.Primary research therefore has not been used in this project due to the wide variety of secondary data has been found. Primary research methods such as, questionnaires or interviews will not provide germane(predicate) information for this topic. On this ba sis, it can be reason that secondary research is the main source of information provided in this study including information from academic journals, books, corporate reports and internet. Nevertheless, author should analyse cautiously the information gathered to determine its validity and reliability. This is because the research only uses one kind of research models and the argument generated about research topic.3.3 Sources of Data3.3.1 Primary3.3.2 SecondarySecondary research is the key resource of information incorporate in this dissertation however, different secondary resources might have different type of information. A guideline for obtain valid and reliable information from different resources therefore, has been designed which can found in Table 4.Table 4Type of informationResources that might have that informationEstablished facts and figuresReference books official publications government web sitesGeneral information on a topicBooks of collected articles text books web s ites of pertinent organisationsReviews of the literature on a topicJournal articles books of collected articlesPublications of recent research resultsJournal articles proceedings of conferencesProfessional and academic debatesJournal articles web sites of relevant organisations newspapersTable 4 The types of resources that provide different information.In order to justify the authors arguments and offer a range of information about the research topic, secondary resources such as academic journals, books, corporate report and the internet have been used.Academic journals have offered different views and theories of Corporate Social Responsible (CSR) concept and environmental operating practise in hospitality. Journals such as Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management and Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research lucubrate some research studies that have been conducted concerning the green operation initiative in hotel ind ustry. All the relevant information gathered from these journals will be analysed and used to evaluate the level of green behaviour of top hotel company. Journals however often assembled to research aims that differ from the current research therefore, data and complex arguments has to be carefully evaluated, as well as understood and interpreted.The information in books is normally written in more well-organized and accessible way which will help to clarify the research questions and objectives. In this research, text book is rarely used due to insufficient related books in library about sustainability in hospitality. Sustainability